Book: writing to communicate - essay and the short research paper - (Cynthia A.Boardman)
Reading and responding
1. Summarizing
* summarizing an article: is a skill in which you highlight the main the article. You don't add your opinion or own ideas. You save your ideas for the response. You use your own wordsand grammar.
* The process of writing a summary
1) read and understand:
- quikly look over the tille of the article, subheadings, and any pictures, diagrams, and notes that are not in the main article.
- The first time you read, do not stop and look up dictionary. When you finish reading, write down what are you think the main idea of the article.
- On the second reading, look up any unfamiliar words that are necessary to understand the article. Check again the main idea.
- On the third reading without a dictionary. read as carefully as you can.
2) Write the first draft of the summary
3) check review and rewrite
Note: Reduce adverbial clauses and Adjective clauses
* Only Adverbial clauses of the time can be reduced, and only when the subjects of the adverbial clause and the independent clause are the same. (Ex: while I was studying psychology, I bacame fascinated by gender differences. => while studying psychology, I bacame fascinated by gender differences. ); (Ex: before we learn Spanish, we learnt French => before learning Spanish, we learnt French. Verb can be changed Verb-ing)
Ex: the speaker who was delivering the lecture sounded familiar to me => the speaker delivering the lecture sounded familiar to me.
Ex: My boss who arrived late appologize for the delay in starting the meeting. => My boss, arriving late appologize for the delay in starting the meeting.
Ex: women whose favorite color is blue to pink are in the minority (can not reduce bacause the subject in the main clause different from the subject in the independent clause)
Note:
Report words: conclude, indicate, point out, say, explain, observe, report, state, argue, assert, claim, maintain.
Reporting phrase: According to ..., In ...
2. Responding to a travel
Writing a Narrative: you can use:
- use choronological order. Describe events in the order in which they happend.
- use the past or the present tense. Using the present tense can make the story livelier.
- Use dialogue
* When you write about a narrative, you can discuss about those questions:
1) How are the events of the story told? how are the sentences ordered?
2) what tense is used to tell the story? why did the author decide to use this tense?
3) How does the author use dialogue? how does the use of the dialogue add the story?
4) what was the author' purpose?
5) how might someone use this is an academic paper?
Responding to a travel story:
1) agree or disagree with the conclusions that were made
2) Partially agreeing or partially disagreeing with the conclusions that were made?
3) reflecting on how your experiences relate to the points in the article?
Note: use Quotations: