Bài viết giới thiệu một số cụm từ thông dụng cũng như các phong cách biểu đạt khác nhau.
In my view, To me, I understand I imagine
From my point of view, I think I feel It appears that
It seems to me that I believe To my way of thinking
▶ Ví dụ:
- In my opinion, television is the most effective of these three media because it brings us closer to reality than a book or radio programme ever can.
- From my perspective, this highlights the importance of nuclear power.
- However, it appears that the shops along the north side of the new pedestrian street will be demolished to make way for a bus station, shopping centre, car park and new housing area.
♦ THỂ HIỆN SỰ CHẮC CHẮN
Certainly, Undoubtedly,
Doubtless, No doubt,
Definitely, Of course,
▶ Ví dụ:
- Doubtless, you would like your internet site to be well – rated to be able for more income and traffic.
- Definitely some advice from someone who understood make-up better and a real hair stylist who could figure out how to un-pink hair
- Of course, there are different rules for Spanish sentence structure, French sentence structure, Italian sentence structure, and so on
- England have definitely been the weaker side in the first half of the game.
♦ THỂ HIỆN SỰ ĐỒNG THUẬN MỘT PHẦN
More or less, To some extent,
Up to a point, Almost,
In a way, So to speak,
▶ Ví dụ:
- In my view, a positive work ethic is desirable up to a point, but too much hard work can be counterproductive and even unhealthy.
- To some extent, I agree that advertising has an impact on sales, but I would also argue that we do need most of the goods that we buy.
- People have different views about whether we are more or less dependent on others nowadays.
♦ SO SÁNH
Similar to As...as Neither...nor At the same time
in common also Just as resemble
Either...or In the same way,
▶ Ví dụ:
o In the same way, timekeeping is cultural in its origins, a concatenation of accidental events.
o Neither Italy nor France got to the quarter finals last year.
o Here structures have been observed which resemble nuclei in some of their characteristics.
o This pizza has little in common with the traditional pizza; instead of a tomato sauce, the crust is topped with a blend of horseradish, mayonnaise and spices.
♦ TƯƠNG PHẢN
However, But Although Though
On the contrary, On the other hand, Otherwise Instead
Differ from Nevertheless Alternatively, Even though
▶ Ví dụ:
- On the other hand, a reduction in costs can come about through elimination of waste.
- Even though I had two hours to spare for shopping, I couldn't find the suit I wanted.
- Sometimes you need to look back, otherwise you will never know what you have lost in the way of forever searching.
- English differs from Spanish in that it is not pronounced as it is written.
♦ TỔNG QUÁT/ KHÁI QUÁT
Generally, Generally speaking, All in all, Basically,
Overall, On the whole, Essentially, As a rule,
In general, By and large, All things considered For the most part
It seems to me that I believe
▶ Ví dụ:
- Generally speaking, older people are less able to speak up for their rights.
- By and large, the academic community seems content simply to accommodate to the instrumental needs of post-industrial society.
- For the most part students receive an hour of each subject, changing rooms and teachers halfway through the period.
o It seems to me that what the citizens expect of Parliament and the Commission are initiatives.
♦ ĐÁNH DẤU/ BÁO HIỆU THỜI GIAN
First, Last During While
Second, Lastly, To begin with At the same time
Third, Then, Simultaneously After this / that
Firstly, First of all, Since Meanwhile
Secondly, Before Afterwards Following this
Thirdly, After When As soon as
▶ Ví dụ:
- It simultaneously reveals the absurdity of dictatorship and gives comfort to those languishing under an impossible reality.
- Plants can bear flowers and fruits at the same time, and die after fruiting.
- Assuming that the concrete has good aggregate to begin with, enduring freezing and thawing is the primary durability issue.
♦ THỂ HIỆN NGUYÊN NHÂN
Due to Because
Because of Owing to
▶ Ví dụ:
- As the Earth's speed of rotation diminishes owing to tidal friction, its angular momentum falls.
- He's not a great actor but he gets roles anyway because of all the moviegoers interested in beefcake.
- Although the surface is cold, the base of an ice sheet is generally warmer due to geothermal heat.
♦ THỂ HIỆN KẾT QUẢ
Therefore, As a result, thereby Eventually,
Consequently, For this reason, Hence, The reason why
Thus, So,
▶ Ví dụ:
- The reason why some people do significantly better than chance in guessing experiments is perhaps clairvoyance or telepathy.
- Consequently all parts of the plant, except the stem, are modified leaves.
- For this reason that we feel sleepy after the ingestion of a hearty dinner
♦ ĐƯA RA VÍ DỤ
For example, For instance, as like
such as In other words, that is namely
To illustrate To paraphrase
▶ Ví dụ:
- In other words, they're using the biblical gospel narratives in a symbolic way in these novels.
- For instance, it is not true that wine is replacing spirits.
- To paraphrase a famous saying, I believe that if you offer the patient a drug, you have helped him for a day.
♦ BỔ SUNG THÔNG TIN
Furthermore In addition Likewise As well as
Also And Besides Too
Moreover Similarly Even What’s more
▶ Ví dụ:
- Furthermore, the Plautine character is not so tame and spiritless as merely to think aloud.
- What's more, in this constant temperature we didn't even have to worry about catching colds.
- This also applies to almost all the candidate countries as well as the Member States.
♦ THỂ HIỆN ĐIỀU KIỆN
If Whether
In case Unless
Provided that So that
▶ Ví dụ:
- Provided that everything is done to avoid medical tourism, I see this only as progress.
- Unless guarantees are provided, accession could represent a risk to our collective safety.
- Whether certain resources will produce power depends upon the context.
♦ KẾT LUẬN
To summarize In conclusion
Lastly, Finally,
To conclude with, In short,
▶ Ví dụ:
- I would like to conclude with the single warning that good European rules are of no use unless they are monitored.
- In conclusion, the hypothesis proposed in the first section of this thesis must be rejected.
- To summarize, imposing stricter rules on European producers than on their foreign competitors could sound like discrimination against the former.
(Trích từ nick facebook: Nhu Y IELTS 8.5 Online Course - 1/6/2019)